{"id":2428,"date":"2018-12-27T16:41:46","date_gmt":"2018-12-27T08:41:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jkukm\/?page_id=2428"},"modified":"2024-10-18T17:46:56","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T09:46:56","slug":"si-1-3-2018","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jkukm\/si-1-3-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Special Issue 1(3) 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chief Guest Editor<\/strong>
\nDr.\u00a0Mohd Sukor Su’ait<\/p>\n

Guest Editors<\/strong>
\nDr. Suhaila Sepeai, Dr. Ahmad Fazlizan Abdullah<\/p>\n

Jurnal Kejuruteraan (Journal of Engineering) special issues of Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) 5th<\/sup> Postgraduate Colloquium provides forum for papers in all areas of solar photovoltaic & advance solar cell, advance solar thermal technology, strategic renewable energy resource & impact analysis and others energy related areas. Full length papers, reviews and short communications are welcomed, on subjects such as experimentation (both techniques and data), new theoretical models, commentaries work and letters to the editor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Table of Contents<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
No.<\/strong><\/td>\nArticle<\/strong><\/td>\nPage \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.<\/td>\nDevelopment and Performance Analysis of New Solar Dryer with Continuous and Intermittent Ventilation<\/a><\/p>\n

Arina Mohd Noh*, Sohif Mat & Mohd Hafiz Ruslan<\/em>
\n<\/span>Abstract<\/span>

\n

A new solar dryer has successfully developed that can be operated in two modes of ventilation which are\u00a0continuous and intermittent. This paper aims to analyse and compare the efficiency of the new solar dryer with\u00a0the existing dryer. Without load experiment shows that the temperature of the new solar dryer with intermittent\u00a0mode can increase up to 60oC compare to 50oC and 40oC for the new solar dryer with continuous mode and the\u00a0current dryer respectively. Furthermore, the intermittent mode shows a saving of 60% on the electrical energy\u00a0usage compared to continuous mode. The average solar collector efficiency for continuous mode was 0.47\u00a0whereas for intermittent mode the efficiency was between 0.1 and 0.4 in no ventilation period and within 0.6 to\u00a00.9 with force ventilation. The drying experiment of Sericite mica shows that the moisture extraction rate (MER)\u00a0of the current dryer, new solar dryer with continuous and intermittent are 1.46, 1.98 and 3.07 kg\/day respectively.<\/p>\n

Keywords:\u00a0 Intermittent ventilation; moisture extraction rate (MER); sericite mica; solar dryer; temperature<\/p>\n<\/div><\/span>DOI :\u00a0 dx.doi.org\/10.17576\/jkukm-2018-si1(3)-01<\/a><\/span><\/sub><\/td>\n

1-8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.<\/td>\nOptimization of Phosphoric Acid-Based Emitter Formation on Silicon Wafer<\/a><\/p>\n

Zon Fazlila Mohd Ahir*, Suhaila Sepeai & Saleem H. Zaidi <\/em>
\n<\/span>Abstract<\/span>

\n

Crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer-based solar cells have been dominating the current photovoltaic industries.\u00a0However, prevalent manufacturing practices are based on environmentally-harmful chemicals and expensive methodologies. This paper reports on the development of inexpensive, environmentally-benign phosphoric acidbased
\nemitter formation methods as an alternative to conventional highly toxic and poisonous POCl3 gas sourcebased\u00a0chemistry. Two emitter formation approaches at temperatures in 850-925 \u2103 range have been investigated.\u00a0The first approach is referred to as the doctor blade (DB) technique, where the flat Si wafer surface is uniformly
\ncoated by phosphoric acid (H3PO4) via a moving blade. A small gap between the blade and wafer is maintained\u00a0in order to form a thin uniform film on the wafer. The second method is referred to as the extension of the blade\u00a0method (EDB), where an un-doped wafer is placed proximately to the deposited H3PO4 wafer. During the high
\ntemperature drive-in process, phosphorous emitter was formed on the un-doped wafer surface through\u00a0evaporation and deposition of phosphorus atoms from H3PO4 coated wafer. All diffusion processes were carried\u00a0out on 180 \u03bcm thick, planar boron-doped Si wafers in a conventional quartz tube furnace. The variation of sheet\u00a0resistances over a broad range from ~20-180 \u03a9\/sq were consistent with temperature dependence. Highest\u00a0diffusion uniformity was observed for 10 % H3PO4 solution. Diffusion process simulations based on DifCad\u00a0software were in good agreement with experimental data. The work reported here illustrates that an\u00a0environmentally-benign approach in emitter formation based on H3PO4 is feasible for manufacturing solar cells.<\/p>\n

Keywords: SEfficiency; emitter junction; phosphoric acid; sheet resistance; solar cells<\/p>\n<\/div><\/span>DOI :\u00a0dx.doi.org\/10.17576\/jkukm-2018-si1(3)-02<\/span><\/a><\/sub><\/td>\n

9-14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.<\/td>\nP-type Cu2ZnSnS4 as Multifunctional Material for Photovoltaic and Thermoelectric Application: Theoretical Investigation<\/a><\/p>\n

Hassan Ahmoum*, Mourad Boughrara, Mohamed Kerouad, Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Mohd Sukor Su\u2019ait*, Lee Tian Khoon, Baohai Jia & Guojian Li<\/em>
\n<\/span>Abstract<\/span>

\n

In this work, a detailed information about physical properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 stannite phase by first principles\u00a0calculation has been presented. Using density functional theory based on the generalized gradient approximation\u00a0GGA, the structural properties such as lattice parameters and bulk modulus has been determined. In addition,\u00a0structure electronic and partial density of state to characterize the electronic properties was also calculated. For\u00a0the optical properties investigation, the absorption coefficient and the efficiency of energy conversion has been\u00a0calculated. Finally, we have investigated on thermoelectric properties such as electrical conductivity, Seebeck\u00a0coefficient, thermal conductivity and figure of merit to evaluate the potential of this material in different\u00a0applications. From our results presented herein, we conclude that this material can be considered potential\u00a0multifunctional material for thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications.<\/p>\n

Keywords : Cu2ZnSnS4; first principles study; material modeling, photovoltaic; thermoelectric<\/p>\n<\/div><\/span>DOI :\u00a0dx.doi.org\/10.17576\/jkukm-2018-si1(3)-03<\/span><\/a><\/sub><\/td>\n

15-22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.<\/td>\nUlasan Analisis Kecekapan Tenaga dan Eksergi Pengumpul Fotovoltan-Terma (PVT)\u00a0(Review of Energy and Exergy Analysis of Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) Collector)<\/a><\/p>\n

Muslizainun Mustapha*, Ahmad Fudholi & Nurul Syakirah Nazri<\/em>
\n<\/span>Abstract<\/span>

\n

Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors were developed by combination of photovoltaic (PV) panel and thermal\u00a0collector. The combination of technologies in one system has the potential to reduce cost of materials, required\u00a0space and also improves performance of collectors. The PVT collectors will produce electrical and thermal\u00a0energy simultaneously. PV technology converts solar radiation into electricity while thermal collector will be\u00a0converting solar energy to thermal energy. The main components of PVT collectors are PV panel, absorber\u00a0plate, heat transfer fluid and insulator. Based on previous studies, PVT collectors were developed by using air,\u00a0water and nanofluid as a heat transfer medium. The function of heat transfer process is to improve PV panel\u00a0efficiency by removing excessive heat from module and at the same time generating thermal energy. In addition,\u00a0the parameters that affecting PVT\u2019s performances are including; mass flow rate of the fluid, area of collector,\u00a0solar radiation and PV cell materials used. The overall performances of PVT collectors are depending on the\u00a0electrical and thermal energy efficiencies. Therefore, the main objectives of this paper are to analyze energy\u00a0and exergy efficiencies of PVT collector with different designs and types of working fluid. The performances\u00a0were studied using concept of energy balance and exergy entropy analysis. Result has shown that energy and\u00a0exergy efficiency are in the range of 40-75 % and 5-25 %, respectively.<\/p>\n

Keywords: Efficiency; electrical energy; photovoltaic thermal (PVT); thermal energy; exergy<\/p>\n<\/div><\/span>DOI :\u00a0dx.doi.org\/10.17576\/jkukm-2018-si1(3)-04<\/span><\/a><\/sub><\/td>\n

23-30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.<\/td>\nDevelopment of Roundabout Delay Models Using Traffic Simulation Programs: A Case Study at Al-Mansour City, Iraq<\/a><\/p>\n

Ali H.A. Alwaeli*, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Adnan Ibrahim, Sohif Mat & Mohd Hafidz Ruslan<\/em>
\n<\/span>Abstract<\/span>

\n

Recent innovations in high efficiency photovoltaic thermal (PV\/T) collectors have made them most suitable\u00a0renewable energy systems to be integrated in green buildings or utilized in industrial processes. This is attributed\u00a0to the ability to produce electricity and thermal energy at once. The development in PV\/T collectors have reached\u00a0a new height with the implementation of nanofluids as cooling fluids. Another method that is gaining attraction is\u00a0the use of Phase Change Material (PCM) to control the temperature of PV panels to maintain its open circuit\u00a0voltage. This paper aims to review and determine the influence of nanofluids and phase change material on the\u00a0performance of PV\/T collectors in different system configurations (e.g. buildings, both industrial and residential).\u00a0A comparison between the two, accompanied by an introduction of innovative work in this field is presented as\u00a0well. The influence of nanofluids and phase change material is immense; from raising the thermal efficiency to
\nraising the operating electrical efficiency and reduce overall payback period of the system. This signifies the\u00a0importance of performing critical review to establish a clearer understanding of suitable configuration of\u00a0nanofluid and PCM based PV\/T collectors.<\/p>\n

Keywords: Phase Change Material (PCM); nanofluids; PV\/T; pay-back period; efficiency<\/p>\n<\/div><\/span>DOI :\u00a0dx.doi.org\/10.17576\/jkukm-2018-si1(3)-05<\/span><\/a><\/sub><\/td>\n

31-36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.<\/td>\nIndoor Thermal Performance of a Retrofitted Air-Conditioned Mosque: Case Study for Penang State Mosque<\/a><\/p>\n

Azman Hussin*, Lim Chin Haw, Sohif Mat, Ahmad Fazlizan & Elias Salleh<\/em>
\n<\/span>Abstract<\/span>

\n

In a mosque environment, occupants are temporarily in the situation of various dress and congregate activities\u00a0which desire comfortable environment. Inappropriate thermal comfort condition in a mosque leads the distraction\u00a0in fulfilling the religious practice and also causing emotional influence. The proper setting of thermal comfort
\nparameters is important to provide a suitable environment for the mosque occupants. Proper investigations of\u00a0thermal comfort may help to optimize the usage of the cooling systems such as air conditioning system. The\u00a0objective of this paper is to investigate the thermal comfort performance of large-scale retrofitted air-conditioned\u00a0mosques with intermittent operation in Penang, Malaysia. According to the survey, the mosques in this region\u00a0can be categorized into five groups (G1 \u2013G5) according to floor area (131.55 m2 to 2,920 m2). A case study is\u00a0conducted on a large scale mosque with a floor area of 2,920 m2 that is equipped with a centralized airconditioning\u00a0system. Result shows that the system produces an indoor thermal environment that within the range\u00a0recommended by ASHRAE Standard 55. Most of the predicted thermal sensation under predicted mean vote\u00a0(PMV) indices is achieved and within the comfort zone range (-0.5, +0.5). Some thermal strategies need to be\u00a0applied especially on air conditioning system, operation configuration, handling procedure, zoning section as\u00a0well as technical knowledge among mosque officials. Hence, the energy consumption of the mosque can be\u00a0reduced while maintaining thermal comfort level of occupants.<\/p>\n

Keywords: Air conditioning; comfort; mosque; thermal environment<\/p>\n<\/div><\/span>DOI :\u00a0dx.doi.org\/10.17576\/jkukm-2018-si1(3)-06<\/span><\/a><\/sub><\/td>\n

37-45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.<\/td>\nAnalisis Tenaga Sistem Hibrid Pengumpul Udara Fotovoltan Terma-Termoelektrik (PVT-TE)\u00a0(Energy Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal-Thermoelectric (PVT-TE) Air Collector System)<\/a><\/p>\n

Nurul Syakirah Nazri*, Ahmad Fudholi, Muslizainun Mustapha<\/em><\/p>\n<\/span>Abstract<\/span>

\n

In this study, a new theoretical approach (new mathematical model) encompasses the heat transfer and energy\u00a0balance is proposed to determine the performance of the photovoltaic thermal (PVT) – thermoelectric (TE) air\u00a0collector (PVT-TE) hybrid system. The hybrid system consists of PV panel and TE modules that can improve the\u00a0energy efficiency of the system. Theoretical and experimental studies were studied using energy analysis to\u00a0predict the output temperature (To) and PV temperature (Tp). To evaluate system performance, a theoretical\u00a0model is developed using the energy balance analysis of this hybrid system. The matrix inverse method is used\u00a0to complete the theoretical model. Effect of mass flow rate and radiation intensity is also being investigated.\u00a0Experimental studies were carried out at the air flow rate of 0.02 kg\/s, 0.04 kg\/s and 0.07 kg\/s, and radiation\u00a0intensities are in the range of 342-922 W\/m2. The results of the experimental and theoretical studies show that\u00a0the percentage of errors between the theory and the experimental value of To and Tp are 1.14% and 1.75%\u00a0respectively.<\/p>\n

Keywords: Energy analysis; electrical; solar energy; thermoelectric thermal<\/p>\n

<\/div><\/span><\/span>DOI :\u00a0dx.doi.org\/10.17576\/jkukm-2018-si1(3)-07<\/span><\/a><\/sub><\/span><\/sub><\/td>\n

47-56<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.<\/td>\nPulsed Laser Annealing of Ag-paste on n-doped Emitter<\/a><\/p>\n

Siti Nor Fazlina Abdul Hamid*, Suhaila Sepeai, Saleem H. Zaidi & Samir Mahmmod Ahmad<\/em>
\n<\/span>Abstract<\/span>

\n

Pulsed laser sources are attractive on account of their spatial and temporal controllability at room temperature.\u00a0Pulsed lasers, in visible (VIS) (300 \u2013 515 nm) and infrared (IR) (~ 900 \u2013 1064 nm) spectral ranges, with pulse\u00a0widths in micro to femtoseconds range, are used in a wide range of applications including doping, etching,\u00a0texturing and deposition. In this study, an Nd-YAG dicing laser operating at 1064 nm wavelength with 200\u00a0nanosecond pulse duration has been employed to form silver ohmic contacts to an n-type emitter on a p-type\u00a0silicon substrate. The laser beam was used to anneal screen-printed Ag polymer paste over a broad (~ 7 to 500\u00a0mJ\/cm2) range of laser fluences. Computer numerical control software allowed fabrication of geometrical\u00a0patterns with controllable diameters in 50-150-\u03bcm range. Contact resistance measurements were performed using\u00a0the transmission line method (TLM). Contact resistivity exhibited fast decay from very large values to relatively\u00a0constant as a function of laser fluence. This variation was attributed to laser energy below the threshold energy\u00a0which no alloyed Ag\/Si contact could be formed. The lowest contact resistivity at 200 m\u03a9.cm2 was measured at\u00a035 mJ\/cm2. This value was two orders of magnitude higher than the lowest value for thermally annealed contacts.\u00a0For the laser parameters investigated here, optimum laser fluences were in 0.2-0.6 J\/cm2 range. It may be possible\u00a0to attain lower resistivity values trough post-laser annealing.<\/p>\n

Keywords: Laser-fired contacts; metallization; pulsed laser; silicon solar cells; front contact<\/p>\n<\/div><\/span>DOI :\u00a0dx.doi.org\/10.17576\/jkukm-2018-si1(3)-08<\/span><\/a><\/sub><\/sub><\/span><\/td>\n

57-62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.<\/td>\nEffects of Iodide\/Triiodide (I\u00af\/I3\u00af) Ratios on Palm Based Polyurethane Polymer Electrolyte for Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell<\/a><\/p>\n

Mohamad Faizzi, Norasikin Ahmad Ludin, Mohd Sukor Su\u2019ait*, Norani Muti Mohamed, Muhammad Ameerullah Sahudin, Khairiah Haji Badri & Azizan Ahmad<\/em>
\n<\/span>Abstract<\/span>

\n

In this investigation, optimization of iodide\/triiodide (I\u00af\/I3\u00af) ratios on palm-based polyurethane (PU) polymer\u00a0electrolyte\u2019s composition for solid-state dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application is explored. Polyurethane\u00a0polymer electrolyte is synthesized under nitrogen gas atmosphere by pre-polymerization reactions between palm\u00a0kernel oil monoester-OH (PKO-p) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) at different LiI\/I2 mole ratios.\u00a0The effects of I\u00af\/I3\u00af mole ratios optimization on photovoltaic characteristics (short circuit current density, open\u00a0circuit voltage, fill factor and power conversion efficiency), photo-response behavior (internal quantum\u00a0efficiency) and internal charge transport properties (charge transport and recombination resistance, and\u00a0chemical capacitances) of solid-state DSSC is examined by light-current-voltage (LIV), incident photon-tocurrent\u00a0efficiency (IPCE) and electrochemical impedances spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The currentvoltage\u00a0characteristic of FTO\/TiO2-dye\/PU-LiI-I2\/Pt at LiI\/I2 1:0.125 mole ratio demonstrated a photovoltaic\u00a0response with a power conversion efficiency of 1.8 % under a standard AM 1.5G illumination with 42 % of\u00a0internal quantum efficiency. The short circuit current density (Jsc) and open circuit voltage (Voc) are measured\u00a0at 8.7 mA cm\u22122 and 0.68 V, respectively. These promising results could be a first step toward a new generation\u00a0of low-cost and effective solid-state DSSC.<\/p>\n

Keywords: Bio-based polyurethane; dye sensitized solar cell; iodide\/triiodide; polymer electrolytes<\/p>\n<\/div><\/span>DOI :\u00a0dx.doi.org\/10.17576\/jkukm-2018-si1(3)-09<\/a><\/td>\n

63-68<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.<\/td>\nFeasibility Study on Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic with Diesel Generator and Battery Storage Design and Sizing Using HOMER Pro\uf0e2<\/a><\/p>\n

Amanda Halim*, Ahmad Fudholi, Stephen J. Phillips, Kamaruzzaman Sopian & Mohd Hafidz Ruslan<\/em>
\n<\/span>Abstract<\/span>

\n

World energy outlook in its latest 2017 edition by the International Energy Agency (IEA) reported that the global energy demand is rising slowly compared to the past, but still expected an expansion of 30% in between today and 2040. Since energy demand and world population are exponentially growing, thus world cannot just depend on the exhaustible conventional sources to meet the demand. Renewable energy resources are the best alternative for conventional resources in meeting the world\u2019s increasing energy demand, mainly in electricity generation sector. Along with the expansion in the renewable energy technology, hybrid renewable energy system is configured in eliminating stand-alone drawbacks such as unpredictable power source, unreliable cost, and high initial and operational costs. This paper presents a study on a technique for hybrid renewable energy system design and sizing, and the feasibility of the system is determined using a hybrid optimisation of multiple energy resources pro (HOMER Pro\uf0e2) software. HOMER Pro\uf0e2 software has been widely used in configuring an optimised system, considering all the equipment modelled and sized in an efficient technique and the output from HOMER Pro\uf0e2 study is discussed.<\/p>\n

Keywords: Hybrid renewable energy system; HOMER Pro\uf0e2; optimal design; optimal sizing<\/p>\n<\/div><\/span>DOI :\u00a0dx.doi.org\/10.17576\/jkukm-2018-si1(3)-10<\/a><\/td>\n

69-76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chief Guest Editor Dr.\u00a0Mohd Sukor Su’ait Guest Editors Dr. Suhaila Sepeai, Dr. Ahmad Fazlizan Abdullah Jurnal Kejuruteraan (Journal of Engineering) special issues of Solar Energy …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"folder":[],"class_list":["post-2428","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jkukm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2428","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jkukm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jkukm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jkukm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jkukm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2428"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jkukm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2428\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4665,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jkukm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2428\/revisions\/4665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jkukm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2428"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jkukm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/folder?post=2428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}