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Sains
Malaysiana 51(9)(2022):
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5109-10
Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles from Mimusops
elengi Linn. Extract: Green Synthesis, Antioxidant Activity, and
Cytotoxicity
(Nanozarah Logam dan Oksida Logam daripada Mimusops
elengi Linn. Ekstrak: Sintesis Hijau, Aktiviti Antioksidan dan
Kesitotoksikan)
SELLY ARVINDA RAKHMAN, TANYARATH UTAIPAN, CHAROEN
PAKHATHIRATHIEN & WEERAYA KHUMMUENG*
Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000, Thailand
Received: 16 December
2021/Accepted: 30 March 2022
Abstract
In
this study, both silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are green
synthesized using a water extract of the Mimusops elengi Linn. leaf. The methods are simple,
inexpensive, nontoxic, and eco-friendly. The AgNPs and ZnONPs are formed using
phytochemical substances in M. elengi leaf extract at room
temperature. The phenolics and flavonoids in the leaf extract is the key
compounds that act as the metal-reducing agents. The effective parameters of
the green synthesis (the metal concentration, leaf extract concentration, pH,
temperature, and reaction time) are evaluated. The formation of the metal and
metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are confirmed through colour change visuals,
ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The morphological and crystalline
characterizations of the NPs are established using transmission electron microscopy
(TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TEM results indicated that the AgNPs are
predominantly spherical in shape with an average particle size of
22.12 nm. The ZnONPs have mostly rod-like morphology with an average size
of 28.44 nm. The antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the synthesized
NPs against colon cancer cells (Caco-2 cells) are evaluated; the obtained NPs
exhibited good free radical scavenging activity through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP
assays. The cytotoxicity results demonstrated that only the 2,000-ppm extract
had any potential against the Caco-2 cells; both the AgNPs and ZnONPs had no
effect on Caco-2 cells. However, regarding human health, metal NPs are safe to
use and are useful in the other applications.
Keywords: Antioxidant; cytotoxicity; green synthesis; Mimusops elengi Linn; nanoparticles
Abstrak
Dalam kajian ini, kedua-dua
nanozarah perak (Ag) dan zink oksida (ZnO) disintesis secara hijau menggunakan
ekstrak air daun Mimusops elengi Linn. Kaedahnya mudah, murah, tidak
toksik dan mesra alam. AgNPs dan ZnONPs dibentuk menggunakan bahan fitokimia
dalam ekstrak daun M. elengi pada suhu bilik. Fenol dan flavonoid dalam
ekstrak daun adalah sebatian utama yang bertindak sebagai agen pengurangan
logam. Parameter berkesan sintesis hijau (kepekatan logam, kepekatan ekstrak
daun, pH, suhu, dan masa tindak balas) dinilai. Pembentukan nanozarah logam dan
logam oksida (NPs) disahkan melalui visual perubahan warna, spektroskopi tampak
ultraungu (UV-vis) (UV-vis) dan spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier
(FTIR). Pencirian morfologi dan hablur NP menggunakan mikroskop elektron
penghantaran (TEM) dan pembelauan sinar-X (XRD). Keputusan TEM menunjukkan
bahawa AgNPs kebanyakannya berbentuk sfera dengan saiz zarah purata 22.12 nm.
ZnONPs kebanyakannya mempunyai morfologi seperti batang dengan saiz purata
28.44 nm. Aktiviti antioksidan dan kesitotoksikan NP yang disintesis terhadap
sel kanser kolon (sel Caco-2) dinilai; NP yang diperoleh mempamerkan aktiviti
penghapusan radikal bebas yang baik melalui ujian DPPH, ABTS dan FRAP.
Keputusan kesitotoksikan menunjukkan bahawa hanya ekstrak 2,000-ppm mempunyai
potensi terhadap sel Caco-2; kedua-dua AgNP dan ZnONP tidak mempunyai kesan ke
atas sel Caco-2. Walau bagaimanapun, mengenai kesihatan manusia, NP logam
selamat digunakan dan berguna dalam aplikasi lain.
Kata kunci: Antioksidan;
kesitotoksikan; Mimusops elengi Linn; nanozarah; sintesis hijau
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*Corresponding author; email: weeraya.k@psu.ac.th
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